Liver transplant and autoimmune liver diseases: An up-to-date review

Table 2 Emerging therapies for primary biliary cholangitis

Disease	Emerging therapies	Mechanism/target	Current evidence	Ref.
Primary biliary cholangitis	Obeticholic acid	FXR agonist; increases bile flow, has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects	Improves biochemical markers and is associated with longer transplant-free survival	Hirschfield et al[76], 2015
				Phase 3, n = 217
	Bezafibrate/fenofibrate	PPARα agonists	Off-label use has been shown to improve liver biochemistry and transplant-free survival	Khakoo et al[80], 2023
				Meta-analysis, n = 1107 (8 RCTs)
	Seladelpar, Elafibranor, or Saroglitazar	PPARδ or PPAR pan-agonists	Clinical trials show promising biochemical improvement	Hirschfield et al[76], 2015
				(Seladelpar phase 3, n = 193)
	Setanaxib	NOX inhibitor; reduces oxidative stress and fibrosis	Ongoing studies are promising with anti-fibrotic effect	GS-02 trial, University of Miami, 2025
				Phase 2, n ≈ 111

FXR: Farnesoid X receptor; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; RCTs: Randomized controlled trials; NOX: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase.