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Randomized Controlled Trial
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Mar 27, 2026; 18(3): 114683
Published online Mar 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i3.114683
Table 4 Comparison of postoperative pain levels (Visual Analogue Scale scores, mean ± SD)
Group
n
Post-6 hours
Post-24 hours
Post-3 days
Post-5 days
Intervention group1004.52 ± 1.233.87 ± 1.052.59 ± 0.821.64 ± 0.73
Control group1004.71 ± 1.363.93 ± 1.163.27 ± 1.052.32 ± 0.96
t value-1.0520.3875.4325.876
P value-0.2940.699< 0.001< 0.001
Main effect of timeWald χ2 = 215.36, P < 0.001
Main effect of groupWald χ2 = 18.74, P < 0.001
Time × group interactionWald χ2 = 25.83, P < 0.001


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