©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Feb 27, 2026; 18(2): 115744
Published online Feb 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.115744
Published online Feb 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.115744
Table 3 Covariate analysis conducted based on percutaneous cholecystostomy placement status (n = 174), n (%)
| Characteristic | Early (n = 125) | Late (n = 49) | SMD: Early vs late |
| Age | 75 (65, 85) | 74 (64, 81) | -0.13 (-0.47, 0.21) |
| CCI | 5.00 (3.00, 6.00) | 6.50 (4.00, 8.00) | -0.57 (-0.92, -0.23) |
| Cholecystitis type | 0.30 (-0.04, 0.64) | ||
| Acalculous | 14 (11) | 1 (2) | 0.30 (-0.04, 0.64) |
| Calculous | 111 (89) | 48 (98) | -0.30 (-0.64, 0.04) |
| ICU status | 0.08 (-0.26, 0.42) | ||
| ICU | 34 (27.0) | 16 (33) | -0.08 (-0.42, 0.26) |
| Non-ICU | 91 (73.0) | 33 (67) | 0.08 (-0.26, 0.42) |
| Bile culture | 0.60 (0.25, 0.95) | ||
| Negative | 35 (28) | 26 (53) | -0.60 (-0.95, -0.25) |
| Positive | 90 (72) | 23 (47) | 0.60 (0.25, 0.95) |
| Blood culture | 0.41 (0.05, 0.76) | ||
| Negative | 85 (68) | 40 (82) | -0.41 (-0.76, -0.05) |
| Positive | 40 (32) | 9 (18) | 0.41 (0.05, 0.76) |
- Citation: Hassanesfahani M, Giannis D, Marfo N, Kaur M, Quang CMPT, Miele A, Louis MA, Mandava NR. Defining endpoints in percutaneous cholecystostomy: Catheter management, patient survival, and long-term outcomes from a twelve-year retrospective study. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(2): 115744
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i2/115744.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.115744