©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Feb 27, 2026; 18(2): 115744
Published online Feb 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.115744
Published online Feb 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.115744
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients undergoing percutaneous cholecystostomy (n = 174)
| Variables of interest | n (%), mean (SD) or median (IQR) |
| Demographics | |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 71.7 (15.8) |
| Gender | |
| Female | 92 (53) |
| Male | 82 (47) |
| Race | |
| Hispanic | 50 (29) |
| White | 49 (28) |
| Asian | 49 (28) |
| Black | 17 (10) |
| Other | 9 (5) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension | 124 (71) |
| Diabetes | 85 (49) |
| Clinical status | |
| Median CCI (IQR) | 5 (4–7) |
| ICU admission | 50 (29) |
| Antibiotics | |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 83 (48) |
| Cefoxitin | 25 (14) |
| Ceftriaxone | 10 (6) |
| Cefepime | 7 (4) |
| Ampicillin/sulbactam | 4 (2) |
| Vancomycin | 39 (22) |
| Ciprofloxacin | 13 (7) |
| Metronidazole | 32 (18) |
| Ertapenem | 2 (1) |
| Meropenem | 11 (6) |
| Aztreonam | 13 (7) |
| Doxycycline | 7 (4) |
- Citation: Hassanesfahani M, Giannis D, Marfo N, Kaur M, Quang CMPT, Miele A, Louis MA, Mandava NR. Defining endpoints in percutaneous cholecystostomy: Catheter management, patient survival, and long-term outcomes from a twelve-year retrospective study. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(2): 115744
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i2/115744.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.115744