Spatial immune cell architecture after gastric cancer surgery predicts prognosis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Surg. Feb 27, 2026; 18(2): 113530
Published online Feb 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.113530

Table 6 Independent prognosis of immune indicators evaluated by Cox proportional hazards model

Variable	HR	95%CI	P value
PD-L1+ tumor cell ratio	2.15	1.32-3.51	0.002
CD68+CD163+ M2 macrophages (tumor core area)	1.72	1.10-2.68	0.018
CD8+ T-cell density (invasion margin area)	0.63	0.45-0.86	0.004
CD8+/FoxP3+ proportion	0.47	0.29-0.76	0.002
Age	1.03	1.01-1.05	0.011

PD-L1: Programmed death ligand 1; FoxP3+: Forkhead box protein 3+; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Citation: Yang HJ, Liu B. Spatial immune cell architecture after gastric cancer surgery predicts prognosis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(2): 113530
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i2/113530.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.113530

Yang HJ, Liu B. Spatial immune cell architecture after gastric cancer surgery predicts prognosis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(2): 113530 [PMID: 41809321 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.113530]

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