Spatial immune cell architecture after gastric cancer surgery predicts prognosis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Surg. Feb 27, 2026; 18(2): 113530
Published online Feb 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.113530

Table 3 Immune cell number and geographic distribution in the tumor microenvironment, median (interquartile range)

Immune cell phenotype	Core area of the tumor (cells/mm²)	Invasion edge area (pieces/mm²)	P value
CD8+ T cells	108.3 (75-142)	248.5 (195-312)	< 0.001
FoxP3+ Treg	42.1 (28-58)	48.9 (34-67)	0.215
CD68+CD163+ M2	84.7 (62-113)	52.4 (39-74)	0.006
CD4+ T cells	112.3 (79-152)	262.5 (199-344)	< 0.001
Treg cells	89.7 (72-123)	72.4 (42-84)	< 0.001
NK cells	52.1 (33-59)	55.9 (44-69)	< 0.001
M1 cells	133.3 (84-159)	277.5 (212-364)	< 0.001
M2 cells	122.3 (86-162)	282.5 (179-394)	< 0.001

FoxP3+: Forkhead box protein 3+.

Citation: Yang HJ, Liu B. Spatial immune cell architecture after gastric cancer surgery predicts prognosis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(2): 113530
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i2/113530.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.113530

Yang HJ, Liu B. Spatial immune cell architecture after gastric cancer surgery predicts prognosis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(2): 113530 [PMID: 41809321 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.113530]

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