©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Feb 27, 2026; 18(2): 113525
Published online Feb 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.113525
Published online Feb 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.113525
Table 1 Comparison of demographic characteristics between two groups, n (%)/mean ± SD
| Parameter | DEX conventional anesthesia group | DEX preconditioning anesthesia group | t/χ2 | P value |
| Age (years) | 71.38 ± 5.26 | 71.41 ± 5.42 | 0.031 | 0.975 |
| Gender | 0.316 | 0.574 | ||
| Male | 52 (54.74) | 44 (50.57) | ||
| Female | 43 (45.26) | 43 (49.43) | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.37 ± 1.27 | 24.43 ± 1.32 | 0.337 | 0.736 |
| Educational background | 0.356 | 0.837 | ||
| Junior high or below | 38 (40.00) | 32 (36.78) | ||
| High school | 30 (31.58) | 31 (35.63) | ||
| Tertiary and above | 27 (28.42) | 24 (27.59) | ||
| Smoking history | 22 (23.16) | 20 (22.99) | 0.001 | 0.978 |
| Drinking history | 18 (18.95) | 15 (17.24) | 0.089 | 0.765 |
| Complication | ||||
| Hypertension | 21 (22.11) | 23 (26.44) | 0.465 | 0.495 |
| Diabetes | 10 (10.53) | 12 (13.79) | 0.456 | 0.499 |
| Coronary heart disease | 11 (11.58) | 14 (16.09) | 0.781 | 0.377 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 17 (17.89) | 19 (21.84) | 0.445 | 0.505 |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists grading | 0.173 | 0.677 | ||
| I grade | 65 (68.42) | 57 (65.52) | ||
| II grade | 30 (31.58) | 30 (34.48) | ||
| Disease type | 2.854 | 0.091 | ||
| Gallstone | 81 (85.26) | 81 (93.10) | ||
| Gallbladder polyps | 14 (14.74) | 6 (6.90) |
- Citation: Chen M, Chen FC, Pan Q, Liu ZH. Impact of dexmedetomidine preconditioning on analgesic and postoperative recovery in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(2): 113525
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i2/113525.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.113525