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Retrospective Study
©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Feb 27, 2026; 18(2): 113103
Published online Feb 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.113103
Table 2 Comparative operative measures, mean ± SD
Operative measures
Two-port group (n = 80)
Four-port group (n = 70)
t value
P value
Surgical duration (minutes)99.69 ± 13.85103.07 ± 17.511.3190.189
Intraoperative hemorrhage volume (mL)28.27 ± 8.5330.63 ± 10.851.4890.139
Cumulative incision length (cm)5.58 ± 0.808.96 ± 1.2020.520< 0.001


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