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Systematic Reviews
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Nov 27, 2026; 18(11): 125536
Published online Nov 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.125536
Table 1 Quality assessment for the selected retrospective cohort studies according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale
Ref.
Selection
Comparability
Outcome
Total score
Quality threshold
Choi et al[18]++++++6Moderate
Kubat et al[22]+++++++7High
Choudhry et al[19]+++++++++9High
Robinson et al[28]++++++6Moderate
Yi et al[27]++++++6Moderate
Rifai et al[24]++++++++8High
Becker et al[29]+++++++7High
Kudsi et al[37]+++++++7High
Campbell et al[17]+++++++++9High
Bou-Ayash et al[36]++++++6Moderate
Latif et al[25]+++++++7High
Hosein et al[41]++++++++8High
Sanderfer et al[2]++++++++8High
Anderson et al[30]++++++6Moderate
Kudsi et al[35]+++++++7High
Arnott et al[31]++++++6Moderate
Kaoukabani et al[21]+++++++7High
Grimsley et al[20]+++++++++9High
Iaquinandi et al[43]+++++++6Moderate
Shen et al[26]+++++++7High
Klein et al[12]++++++++8High
Murgante Testa et al[38]++++++6Moderate


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