Preoperative prehabilitation within enhanced recovery after surgery for postoperative frailty and functional recovery following laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the two groups, n (%)/mean ± SD

Item	Control group (n = 91)	Experimental group (n = 91)	χ2/t	P value
Gender			0.200	0.655
Male	49 (53.85)	52 (57.14)
Female	42 (46.15)	39 (42.86)
Age (years)	62.10 ± 10.33	61.49 ± 7.83	0.445	0.657
BMI (kg/m²)	22.22 ± 2.61	22.28 ± 2.25	0.156	0.876
Underlying conditions
Hypertension	12 (13.19)	13 (14.29)	0.046	0.830
Diabetes	9 (9.89)	11 (12.09)	0.225	0.635
Hyperlipidemia	10 (10.99)	9 (9.89)	0.059	0.808
ASA classification			0.122	0.941
I	26 (28.57)	24 (26.37)
II	50 (54.95)	51 (56.04)
III	15 (16.48)	16 (17.58)
Tumor type			0.088	0.766
Colon cancer	40 (43.96)	43 (47.25)
Rectal cancer	51 (56.04)	48 (52.75)
Tumor stage			0.088	0.767
II	45 (49.45)	43 (47.25)
III	46 (50.55)	48 (52.75)

Between-group P values are not reported for baseline variables in randomized trials. BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.