Preventive strategies for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Figure 3 Risk-of-bias assessment of the 14 included randomized controlled trials using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Each domain was judged as having a low risk (blue plus), unclear risk (yellow question mark), or high risk (white minus) of bias. Domains assessed: Random sequence generation (selection bias), allocation concealment (selection bias), blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias), blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias), incomplete outcome data (attrition bias), selective reporting (reporting bias), and other potential sources of bias. The majority of trials demonstrated unclear risk in allocation concealment and blinding domains, whereas incomplete outcome data were generally at low risk of bias.