Mechanisms, clinical translation, and future perspectives of liver-mediated immunoprotection in combined organ transplantation

Table 1 Comparison of conventional liver-containing multivisceral transplantation and modified liver-sparing multivisceral transplantation

Feature	Conventional liver-containing MVT	Modified liver-sparing MVT
Immunoprotective effect	+++ (with liver-mediated immunoprotection)	- (absent)
Risk of rejection	Lower	Higher
Requirement for donor liver	Required	Not required
Main indications	Intestinal failure with end-stage liver disease	Intestinal failure with preserved liver function
Intensity of immunosuppression	May be moderately reduced	High-intensity immunosuppression generally required
Ref.	[27]	[24,28]

MVT: Multivisceral transplantation.