Time-dependent burden of reflux-related endoscopic pathology after sleeve gastrectomy: Clinical value of surveillance endoscopy in a 520-patient cohort

Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics

Characteristic	Overall (n = 520), n/N (%)
Age, years	45.9 ± 10.6
Preoperative BMI, kg/m²	43.8 ± 4.5
Follow-up duration, months	52.8 ± 20.9
Female sex	332/520 (63.8)
Smoking status	114/520 (21.9)
Diabetes mellitus	145/520 (27.9)
Hypertension	184/520 (35.4)
Obstructive sleep apnea	105/520 (20.2)
Preoperative GERD symptoms	138/520 (26.5)
Preoperative PPI use	117/520 (22.5)
Preoperative bile reflux	29/520 (5.6)
Preoperative hiatal hernia	110/520 (21.2)
Preoperative erosive esophagitis	83/520 (16.0)
Preoperative LA-B-or-higher esophagitis	30/520 (5.8)
Preoperative Barrett’s esophagus	18/520 (3.5)
Follow-up group: 24-36 months	144/520 (27.7)
Follow-up group: 36-60 months	201/520 (38.7)
Follow-up group: > 60 months	175/520 (33.7)
Postoperative GERD symptoms	225/520 (43.3)
Postoperative PPI use	263/520 (50.6)
Postoperative bile reflux	74/520 (14.2)
Postoperative hiatal hernia	100/520 (19.2)
Postoperative erosive esophagitis	154/520 (29.6)
Postoperative LA-B-or-higher esophagitis	68/520 (13.1)
Postoperative Barrett’s esophagus	52/520 (10.0)
Histology-confirmed Barrett’s esophagus	52/520 (10.0)
Esophageal stricture	14/520 (2.7)
Treatment change after postoperative endoscopy	172/520 (33.1)
De novo Barrett’s esophagus	34/502 (6.8)

BMI: Body mass index; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; LA-B: Los Angeles grade B.