Impact of narrative therapy and standard ostomy care on postoperative recovery and complications in permanent colostomy

Table 2 Intraoperative and stoma-related characteristics, n (%)/mean ± SD

Indicators	SOC group (n = 76)	NTSOC group (n = 72)	t/χ2	P value
Surgery duration (minutes)	165.46 ± 22.83	168.12 ± 25.45	0.669	0.504
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	110.50 ± 20.35	115.25 ± 24.12	1.298	0.196
Stoma diameter (cm)	2.65 ± 0.42	2.69 ± 0.45	0.609	0.544
Surgical approach (laparoscopic surgery/open surgery)	48 (63.16)/28 (36.84)	45 (62.50)/27 (37.50)	0.007	0.934
Stoma location			0.100	0.951
Through rectus abdominis	71 (93.42)	68 (94.44)
Pararectus	4 (5.26)	3 (4.17)
Through umbilicus	1 (1.32)	1 (1.39)

SOC: Standard ostomy care; NTSOC: Narrative therapy combined with standard ostomy care.