Early identification of reversible strangulating ischemia in adhesive small bowel obstruction using non-contrast computed tomography and routine laboratory parameters

Table 2 Univariate comparison between non strangulated and strangulated ischemia, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variables	Non-strangulated (n = 74)	Strangulated ischemia (n = 29)	Statistics	P value
Age	62.96 ± 13.14	62.28 ± 13.07	t = 0.238	0.812
Sex			χ2 = 0.815	0.367
Female	43 (58.11)	14 (48.28)
Male	31 (41.89)	15 (51.72)
BMI	22.11 ± 2.41	22.74 ± 2.83	t = -1.135	0.259
N (%)	75.74 ± 8.55	74.10 ± 6.15	t = 0.939	0.35
ALB	40.42 ± 5.15	43.78 ± 4.32	t = -3.113	0.002
Fib	3.40 ± 0.86	3.12 ± 0.87	t = 1.496	0.138
Symptom duration (hour), M (Q1, Q3)	48.00 (24.00, 72.00)	24.00 (12.00, 43.00)	Z = -3.755	0.001
WBC, M (Q1, Q3)	6.30 (4.79, 8.47)	6.70 (6.26,8.17)	Z = -0.935	0.35
PLR, M (Q1, Q3)	174.00 (121.95, 227.23)	223.30 (171.15, 263.33)	Z = -2.178	0.029
LAC, M (Q1, Q3)	1.30 (1.00, 1.80)	1.40 (1.20, 1.59)	Z = -0.603	0.547
BE, M (Q1, Q3)	-1.25 (-2.80, -0.30)	-3.30 (-4.60, -2.00)	Z = -3.572	0.001
LDH, M (Q1, Q3)	207.00 (179.50, 240.00)	199.00 (181.00, 256.00)	Z = -0.073	0.942
CK, M (Q1, Q3)	56.00 (37.00, 92.50)	66.00 (56.00, 83.00)	Z = -1.320	0.187
CK-MB, M (Q1, Q3)	5.60 (2.70, 7.83)	4.09 (2.80, 8.10)	Z = -0.279	0.781
BUN, M (Q1, Q3)	5.70 (4.14, 7.27)	6.30 (4.91, 7.65)	Z = -1.030	0.303
D-dimer, M (Q1, Q3)	0.63 (0.43, 0.97)	0.98 (0.79, 1.33)	Z = -2.717	0.007
History of abdominal surgery			χ2 = 1.177	0.278
No	20 (27.03)	11 (37.93)
Yes	54 (72.97)	18 (62.07)
Abdominal distension			χ2 = 0.562	0.454
No	5 (6.76)	4 (13.79)
Yes	69 (93.24)	25 (86.21)
Nausea and vomitting			χ2 = 5.027	0.025
No	20 (27.03)	2 (6.90)
Yes	54 (72.97)	27 (93.10)
Cessation of flatus and defecation			χ2 = 1.763	0.184
No	14 (18.92)	9 (31.03)
Yes	60 (81.08)	20 (68.97)
Small bowel feces sign			χ2 = 2.241	0.134
No	63 (85.14)	21 (72.41)
Yes	11 (14.86)	8 (27.59)
Bowel wall thickening			χ2 = 0.076	0.783
No	58 (78.38)	22 (75.86)
Yes	16 (21.62)	7 (24.14)
Decreased bowel wall attenuation			χ2 = 0.362	0.547
No	64 (86.49)	23 (79.31)
Yes	10 (13.51)	6 (20.69)
Mesenteric haziness			χ2 = 25.278	0.001
No	61 (82.43)	9 (31.03)
Yes	13 (17.57)	20 (68.97)
Ascites			χ2 = 4.954	0.026
No	41 (55.41)	9 (31.03)
Yes	33 (44.59)	20 (68.97)
Closed-loop obstruction			χ2 = 22.951	0.001
No	63 (85.14)	11 (37.93)
Yes	11 (14.86)	18 (62.07)
Whirl sign			χ2 = 0.307	0.58
No	66 (89.19)	24 (82.76)
Yes	8 (10.81)	5 (17.24)
Mesenteric clustering			χ2 = 0.905	0.341
No	49 (66.22)	22 (75.86)
Yes	25 (33.78)	7 (24.14)

t: T-test; Z: Mann-Whitney test; M: Median; Q₁: 1^st quartile; Q₃: 3^st quartile; BMI: Body mass index; N (%): Neutrophil percentage; Fib: Fibrinogen; ALB: Albumin; WBC: White blood cell count; PLR: Platelet to lymphocyte ratio; LAC: Lactate; BE: Base excess; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; CK: Creatine kinase; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-MB; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; D-D: D-dimer.