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Retrospective Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Nov 27, 2026; 18(11): 122279
Published online Nov 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.122279
Table 2 Variable assignment and coding
Variables
Assignment of value
SexFemale = 0, male = 1
AgeContinuous
Body mass indexContinuous
Smoking historyNo = 0, yes = 1
Alcohol useNo = 0, yes = 1
History of diabetesNo = 0, yes = 1
Family historyNo = 0, yes = 1
History of liver cirrhosisNo = 0, yes = 1
History of hepatitis BNo = 0, yes = 1
Tumor sizeContinuous
Tumor numberSingle = 0, multiple = 1
Portal hypertensionNo = 0, yes = 1
Vascular invasionNo = 0, yes = 1
Perineural invasionNo = 0, yes = 1
Degree of differentiationWell-differentiated = 0, moderately differentiated = 1, poorly differentiated = 2
Child-Pugh classClass A = 0, class B = 1
AFPContinuous
DCPContinuous
ALTContinuous
ASTContinuous
TBILContinuous
AlbuminContinuous
ALBI gradeGrade 1 = 0, grade 2/3 = 1


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