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Retrospective Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Nov 27, 2026; 18(11): 122260
Published online Nov 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.122260
Figure 3
Figure 3 Postoperative pain scores assessed by the Numeric Rating Scale (0-10) on days 1, 3, and 7 in the control group (n = 38) and intervention group (n = 39). Data are presented as mean ± SD. The intervention group demonstrated significantly lower pain scores at all three time points (aP < 0.001). NRS: Numeric Rating Scale


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