Diagnosis and surgical decision-making in hepatic hemangioma: From venous malformation overlap to artificial intelligence-assisted multimodality imaging

Figure 1 Emerging conceptual framework for adult hepatic vascular anomalies. The figure contrasts the traditional umbrella term “cavernous hemangioma” with a biologically informed framework that recognizes possible overlap with low-flow venous malformation in selected adult lesions. This distinction may inform terminology, research classification, and selected interventional strategies. Gemini was used to assist in the design and visual optimization of the graphical abstract. The tool helped to optimize color palettes to better communicate the concepts visually. It was not used to generate or alter any empirical data.