Modified abdominal wall retractor for total laparoscopic esophagojejunostomy in gastric cancer

Table 4 Surgical and postoperative recovery-related indicators in patients treated before and after overcoming the learning curve, mean ± SD

Factor	Pre-learning curve (n = 11)	Post-learning curve (n = 22)	t/χ2	P value
Operation time (minute)	386.63 ± 91.02	307.05 ± 81.00	2.458	0.020
Anastomosis time (minute)	95.45 ± 25.05	61.36 ± 13.20	5.158	< 0.01
Blood loss (mL)	163.64 ± 218.65	87.73 ± 50.33	1.574	0.126
No. of lymph nodes	24.27 ± 9.71	29.68 ± 9.36	-1.546	0.132
First exhaust time (day)	2.91 ± 0.54	3.05 ± 0.79	-0.516	0.609
First defecation time (day)	4.91 ± 1.30	4.59 ± 1.33	0.651	0.520
Drainage tube removal time (day)	7.36 ± 2.16	7.91 ± 2.14	-0.689	0.496
Postoperative hospitalization (day)	8.36 ± 1.63	8.45 ± 1.22	-0.180	0.858
Total length of incision (cm,)	8.27 ± 1.56	7.55 ± 1.34	1.397	0.172
Anastomotic leakage (yes/no)	1/10	0/22		0.333
Clavien–Dindo grade
I	2	4		1.000
II	3	5	0.000	1.000
III	2	2		0.586