Modified abdominal wall retractor for total laparoscopic esophagojejunostomy in gastric cancer

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the two groups, n (%)/mean ± SD

Factor	TA group (n = 51)	LCA group (n = 33)	t/χ2	P value
Age (year)	60.78 ± 8.57	62.03 ± 10.08	-0.607	0.546
Sex			0.359	0.549
Male	40	24
Female	11	9
BMI (kg/m2)	22.98 ± 1.85	22.29 ± 2.32	1.524	0.131
ASA score			0.082	0.775
I/II	40	25
III	11	8
WBC before surgery (× 109/L)	5.36 ± 1.90	5.41 ± 1.58	-0.105	0.912
Hb before surgery (g/L)	112.22 ± 13.04	115.22 ± 14.24	-0.986	0.327
ALB before surgery (g/L)	35.73 ± 3.83	35.00 ± 4.28	0.809	0.421
Siewert type			2.218	0.136
II	38	29
III	13	4
Tumor diameter (cm)	4.54 ± 1.13	4.62 ± 1.25	-0.323	0.784
Degree of differentiation			0.000	1.000
Well/moderate	7	5
Worse	44	28
TNM stage			2.254	0.133
I/II	25	27
III	26	6
Presence of vascular thrombus invasion			0.703	0.402
Yes	31	17
No	20	16
Perineural invasion			1.348	0.246
Yes	15	6
No	36	27

LCA: Laparoscopic circular-stapled anastomosis; TA: Traditional anastomosis; ALB: Albumin; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; Hb: Hemoglobin; TNM: Tumor, node, metastasis; WBC: White blood cell.