Graft bile analysis for predicting post-transplant outcomes: A literature review and a protocol for a novel biomarker

Table 2 Clinical viability criteria using bile during normothermic machine perfusion

Parameter	Threshold	Predictive value	Ref.
Bile production (NMP)	> 30 mL over perfusion	Functional biliary system	de Jong et al[26]
Bile pH	> 7.5	Low risk of cholangiopathy	Watson et al[13]
Bile/perfusate glucose ratio	< 0.67	Preserved glucose reabsorption	Zelger et al[20]
Bicarbonate concentration	> 18 mmol/L	Functional ductal secretion	Ceresa et al[46]
Bile acid hydrophobicity index	Low hydrophobicity	Low risk of epithelial damage	Huang et al[10]

NMP: Normothermic machine perfusion.