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Retrospective Study
©The Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jan 27, 2026; 18(1): 114452
Published online Jan 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i1.114452
Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics, n (%)


NPD (n = 117)
PD (n = 83)
Total (n = 200)
P value
Agemean ± SD66.11 ± 14.6458.04 ± 15.7262.76 ± 15.58< 0.0011
Median (interquartile range)69 (59, 76)62 (45, 68)66 (53.50, 74)
RaceWhite, non-Hispanic97 (83)68 (82)165 (83)0.1192
Black/African American0 (0)2 (2)2 (1)
Hispanic7 (6)6 (7)13 (7)
Asian8 (7)1 (1)9 (5)
More than one0 (0)1 (1)1 (1)
Other4 (3)5 (6)9 (5)
Body mass indexmean ± SD24.89 ± 5.6224.98 ± 6.3724.93 ± 5.930.8141
Median (interquartile range)23.97 (21.17, 27.50)23.45 (20.45, 28.29)23.79 (20.72, 27.76)
Past history Diabetes9 (8)5 (6)14 (7)0.7822
Cardiopulmonary morbidity57 (49)42 (51)99 (50)0.8862
Chronic steroid use6 (5)7 (8)13 (7)0.3922
Chronic cough4 (3)5 (6)9 (5)0.4942
Pelvic radiation3 (3)2 (2)5 (3)1.0002
Eating disorder2 (2)10 (12)12 (6)0.0042
Sexual trauma11 (9)15 (18)26 (13)0.0902
Chronic narcotic use14 (12)17 (20)31 (16)0.1152
Chronic constipation42 (36)43 (52)85 (43)0.0302
Chronic diarrhea17 (15)22 (27)39 (20)0.0472
History of hysterectomy52 (44)27 (33)79 (40)0.1072
Nulliparity26 (22)26 (31)52 (26)0.1902
Prior pelvic floor surgeryCystocele7 (6)2 (2)9 (5)0.3102
Rectocele10 (9)9 (11)19 (10)0.6302
Vaginal apical suspension3 (3)1 (1)4 (2)0.6432
Sacrocolpopexy2 (2)2 (2)4 (2)1.0002
Urinary incontinence procedure5 (4)6 (7)11 (6)0.5312
Sphincteroplasty1 (1)0 (0)1 (1)1.0002


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