Laparoscopic hepatectomy is feasible for patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic liver

Table 2 Patient characteristics

	Before propensity score matching			After propensity score matching
	Open group, n = 71	Laparoscopic group, n = 26	P value	Open group, n = 19	Laparoscopic group, n = 19	P value
Age (years)	67.7 ± 13.8	71.3 ± 6.8	0.21	69.4 ± 7.0	70.7 ± 6.3	0.56
Male	54 (76.1)	13 (50)	0.014	13 (68.4)	11 (57.9)	0.5
BMI (kg/m2)	24.0 ± 4.2	25.2 ± 3.1	0.19	24.8 ± 4.2	25.0 ± 3.2	0.89
Etiology
HBsAg-positive	5 (7.1)	1 (3.9)	0.56	1 (5.3)	1 (5.3)	1
Anti-HCV-positive	29 (40.9)	13 (50.0)	0.42	7 (36.8)	8 (42.1)	0.74
Preoperative assessment
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.1 ± 0.6	1.1 ± 0.4	0.54	1.2 ± 0.5	1.1 ± 0.5	0.59
Albumin (g/dL)	3.6 ± 0.5	3.6 ± 0.3	0.91	3.6 ± 0.1	3.6 ± 0.1	0.91
ICG R15 (%)	26.8 ± 10.3	32.5 ± 11.7	0.02	31.3 ± 11.7	30.1 ± 12.0	0.75
PT (%)	73.7 ± 11.4	70.4 ± 9.9	0.19	69.0 ± 9.7	70.6 ± 10.8	0.63
Platelet count (× 104/µL)	14.0 ± 8.9	9.7 ± 3.8	0.027	11.7 ± 9.6	10.0 ± 4.2	0.51
Ascites-present	8 (11.3)	1 (3.9)	0.26	2 (13.3)	0 (0)	0.11
Child-Pugh class A	62 (87.3)	24 (92.3)	0.49	16 (84.2)	18 (94.7)	0.29
Child-Pugh class B	9 (12.7)	2 (7.7)		3 (15.8)	1 (5.3)
Tumor characteristics
α-fetoprotein (ng/mL)	4099 ± 16987	85 ± 346	0.25	646 ± 2483	116 ± 411	0.39
PIVKA-2 (mAU/mL)	11877 ± 72439	671 ± 2326	0.45	1326 ± 4100	909 ± 2750	0.73
Tumor size (cm)	4.5 ± 3.1	2.7 ± 1.2	0.004	2.9 ± 1.3	2.9 ± 1.3	1
Tumor number-multiple	24 (33.8)	5 (19.2)	0.17	5 (26.3)	4 (21.1)	0.7
Tumor location
Anterolateral segment	33 (46.5)	21 (80.8)	0.003	9 (47.4)	14 (73.7)	0.1
Posterosuperior segment	38 (53.5)	5 (19.2)		10 (52.6)	5 (26.3)

Data are shown as n (%) or mean ± SD. HBsAg: Hepatitis B virus surface protein; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; PT: Prothrombin activity level; ICG R15: Indocyanine green retention at 15 minutes; BMI: Body mass index; PIVKA-2: Protein induced by vitamin K absence of antagonist-2.