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Retrospective Study
©The Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jan 27, 2026; 18(1): 113894
Published online Jan 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i1.113894
Figure 5
Figure 5 Management process diagram. The algorithm integrates effusion type (simple vs mixed) and inflammatory marker level (procalcitonin/C-reactive protein) to guide decisions regarding monitoring, antibiotic therapy, and percutaneous drainage. CRP: C-reactive protein; PCT: Procalcitonin; POD: Postoperative day; US: Ultrasound.


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