Dynamic ultrasound monitoring of intraperitoneal effusion for predicting complications after laparoscopic gastrectomy

Table 7 Complications, n (%)

Types of complications	Total cases (n = 80)	Simple effusion (n = 43)	Mixed effusion (n = 28)	No effusion (n = 9)	χ2/t	P value
Abdominal infection	9 (11.25)	2 (4.65)	7 (25.00)	0 (0.00)	6.974	0.031
Abscess formation	6 (7.50)	1 (2.33)	5 (17.86)	0 (0.00)	5.782	0.045
Anastomotic fistula	4 (5.00)	1 (2.33)	3 (10.71)	0 (0.00)	2.371	0.305
Secondary surgical intervention	3 (3.75)	0 (0.00)	3 (10.71)	0 (0.00)	4.235	0.057
Total complications	18 (22.50)	4 (9.30)	14 (50.00)	0 (0.00)	19.684	< 0.001

P < 0.05 indicated significant difference. Complications were significantly more common in the mixed effusion group (50.00%) than in the simple (9.30%) or no effusion (0.00%) groups (P < 0.001). P values for specific complications are from χ² or Fisher’s exact tests.