Patterns and risk factors of early recurrence after radical resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v18.i1.113518

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Gastrointest Surg. Jan 27, 2026; 18(1): 113518
Published online Jan 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i1.113518

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients, median (interquartile range)/n (%)

Characteristic	Total (n = 386)	Early recurrence (n = 178)	No early recurrence (n = 208)	P value
Demographics
Age, years	62 (54-69)	61 (53-68)	63 (55-70)	0.082
Male sex	218 (56.5)	102 (57.3)	116 (55.8)	0.764
BMI, kg/m² (mean ± SD)	23.8 ± 3.4	23.6 ± 3.5	24.0 ± 3.3	0.248
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	87 (22.5)	42 (23.6)	45 (21.6)	0.645
Hypertension	134 (34.7)	58 (32.6)	76 (36.5)	0.415
Hepatitis B	98 (25.4)	51 (28.7)	47 (22.6)	0.171
Hepatitis C	31 (8.0)	13 (7.3)	18 (8.7)	0.625
Cirrhosis	67 (17.4)	35 (19.7)	32 (15.4)	0.267
Laboratory values
CA19-9 > 200 U/mL	156 (40.4)	98 (55.1)	58 (27.9)	< 0.001
CEA > 5 ng/mL	112 (29.0)	67 (37.6)	45 (21.6)	< 0.001
NLR > 3.0	143 (37.0)	89 (50.0)	54 (26.0)	< 0.001
PLR > 150	128 (33.2)	75 (42.1)	53 (25.5)	< 0.001
Albumin < 3.5 g/dL	76 (19.7)	42 (23.6)	34 (16.3)	0.074
Total bilirubin > 1.2 mg/dL	89 (23.1)	45 (25.3)	44 (21.2)	0.339
Tumor characteristics
Tumor size, cm	5.8 (3.5-8.2)	7.2 (5.0-9.5)	4.5 (3.0-6.8)	< 0.001
Tumor size > 5 cm	213 (55.2)	132 (74.2)	81 (38.9)	< 0.001
Multiple tumors	89 (23.1)	62 (34.8)	27 (13.0)	< 0.001
Bilobar distribution	54 (14.0)	38 (21.3)	16 (7.7)	< 0.001
Pathological features
Poor differentiation	98 (25.4)	67 (37.6)	31 (14.9)	< 0.001
Lymph node metastasis	124 (32.1)	89 (50.0)	35 (16.8)	< 0.001
Microvascular invasion	168 (43.5)	112 (62.9)	56 (26.9)	< 0.001
Perineural invasion	145 (37.6)	91 (51.1)	54 (26.0)	< 0.001
Surgical factors
Major hepatectomy	245 (63.5)	125 (70.2)	120 (57.7)	0.011
R1 resection	88 (22.8)	67 (37.6)	21 (10.1)	< 0.001
Blood loss > 500 mL	167 (43.3)	89 (50.0)	78 (37.5)	0.013
Transfusion required	98 (25.4)	56 (31.5)	42 (20.2)	0.011
Postoperative course
Major complications	67 (17.4)	35 (19.7)	32 (15.4)	0.267
Adjuvant chemotherapy	268 (69.4)	112 (62.9)	156 (75.0)	0.010

BMI: Body mass index; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.

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Citation: Zhou CY, Chen JY, Wang D, Zhu S, Luo HC. Patterns and risk factors of early recurrence after radical resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(1): 113518
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i1/113518.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v18.i1.113518

Zhou CY, Chen JY, Wang D, Zhu S, Luo HC. Patterns and risk factors of early recurrence after radical resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(1): 113518 [PMID: 41695865 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i1.113518]

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