Comparison of epidural anesthesia and intravenous self-control analgesia on postoperative recovery quality in duodenectomy

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients after propensity score matching, n (%)¹

Characteristic	EA group (n = 84)	IVPCA group (n = 84)	P value
Age (years)	63.7 ± 8.2	64.3 ± 7.9	0.62
Gender
Male	48 (57.1)	46 (54.8)	0.76
Female	36 (42.9)	38 (45.2)	0.76
BMI (kg/m2)	24.3 ± 3.1	24.6 ± 3.3	0.55
ASA physical status			0.91
I	12 (14.3)	10 (11.9)
II	54 (64.3)	56 (66.7)
III	18 (21.4)	18 (21.4)
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	24 (28.6)	26 (31.0)	0.73
Hypertension	35 (41.7)	33 (39.3)	0.76
Coronary artery disease	15 (17.9)	17 (20.2)	0.69
COPD	9 (10.7)	11 (13.1)	0.64
Indication for surgery			0.64
Pancreatic cancer	49 (58.3)	52 (61.9)
Periampullary cancer	21 (25.0)	19 (22.6)
Distal bile duct cancer	9 (10.7)	8 (9.5)
Other	5 (6.0)	5 (6.0)
Surgical approach			0.58
Open	78 (92.9)	76 (90.5)
Minimally invasive	6 (7.1)	8 (9.5)
Preoperative laboratory values
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.3 ± 1.8	12.1 ± 1.7	0.45
Albumin (g/dL)	3.8 ± 0.5	3.7 ± 0.6	0.22
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	2.1 ± 3.4	2.3 ± 3.6	0.70

¹Data are presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables.

EA: Epidural anesthesia; IVPCA: Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.