Impact of “four-step” death education on life quality and negative emotions in advanced esophageal cancer patients and families

Table 4 Caregiver family quality of life, mean ± SD

Index	SC group (n = 127)	FDE group (n = 108)	t/χ2	P value
Pre-intervention
Family activities	19.29 ± 2.65	19.26 ± 2.49	0.092	0.927
Emotional support	10.61 ± 1.79	10.69 ± 1.75	0.357	0.721
Economic status	18.02 ± 2.11	18.11 ± 2.09	0.332	0.740
Family member satisfaction	10.37 ± 1.92	10.32 ± 1.89	0.199	0.842
Post-intervention
Family activities	23.35 ± 2.37	24.01 ± 2.29	2.174	0.031
Emotional support	14.34 ± 1.99	14.85 ± 1.87	2.039	0.043
Economic status	18.87 ± 2.32	18.96 ± 2.14	0.293	0.770
Family member satisfaction	13.55 ± 1.23	13.92 ± 1.28	2.249	0.025

SC: Standard care; FDE: Four-step death education.