Impact of “four-step” death education on life quality and negative emotions in advanced esophageal cancer patients and families

Table 3 Patient family quality of life, mean ± SD

Index	SC group (n = 127)	FDE group (n = 108)	t/χ2	P value
Pre-intervention
Family activities	18.35 ± 2.48	18.14 ± 2.52	0.639	0.523
Emotional support	9.52 ± 1.98	9.41 ± 2.03	0.440	0.661
Economic status	17.83 ± 1.96	17.78 ± 1.86	0.205	0.838
Family member satisfaction	11.39 ± 1.55	11.42 ± 1.62	0.106	0.916
Post-intervention
Family activities	21.66 ± 2.73	22.39 ± 2.65	2.057	0.041
Emotional support	13.21 ± 2.37	13.89 ± 2.42	2.194	0.029
Economic status	18.23 ± 2.03	18.25 ± 1.96	0.055	0.956
Family member satisfaction	13.36 ± 1.61	13.84 ± 1.59	2.321	0.021

SC: Standard care; FDE: Four-step death education.