Risk factors and prediction model for acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with digestive tumor after surgery

Table 1 Baseline data analysis between the acute respiratory distress syndrome group and the non-acute respiratory distress syndrome group, n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 176)	Non-ARDS group (n = 134)	ARDS group (n = 42)	Statistic	P value
Age, mean ± SD	64.36 ± 5.07	63.74 ± 4.86	66.36 ± 5.28	t = -2.99	0.003
BMI, mean ± SD	22.92 ± 3.29	22.98 ± 3.35	22.73 ± 3.12	t = 0.43	0.669
Preoperative RBC, mean ± SD	3.62 ± 0.65	3.58 ± 0.61	3.75 ± 0.79	t = -1.21	0.230
Preoperative WBC, mean ± SD	5.80 ± 0.97	5.71 ± 0.89	6.08 ± 1.14	t = -2.12	0.035
Preoperative ALB, mean ± SD	42.14 ± 2.52	42.41 ± 2.53	41.27 ± 2.34	t = 2.62	0.010
Preoperative Hb, mean ± SD	130.20 ± 9.66	130.72 ± 9.69	128.57 ± 9.47	t = 1.26	0.211
Preoperative PLT, mean ± SD	191.44 ± 25.80	189.47 ± 24.55	197.72 ± 28.86	t = -1.82	0.071
FEV1%, mean ± SD	88.13 ± 15.32	90.17 ± 15.62	81.64 ± 12.37	t = 3.23	0.001
FVC%, mean ± SD	78.11 ± 9.67	79.24 ± 9.75	74.47 ± 8.54	t = 2.84	0.005
Operation time, mean ± SD	182.83 ± 23.05	181.36 ± 22.51	187.52 ± 24.37	t = -1.52	0.131
Preoperative bleeding, mean ± SD	51.68 ± 12.40	51.19 ± 11.74	53.24 ± 14.33	t = -0.94	0.351
Sex				χ2 = 0.08	0.784
Female	66 (37.50)	51 (38.06)	15 (35.71)
Male	110 (62.50)	83 (61.94)	27 (64.29)
Smoking				χ2 = 4.81	0.028
No	93 (52.84)	77 (57.46)	16 (38.10)
Yes	83 (47.16)	57 (42.54)	26 (61.90)
Hypertension				χ2 = 0.67	0.414
No	114 (64.77)	89 (66.42)	25 (59.52)
Yes	62 (35.23)	45 (33.58)	17 (40.48)
Diabetes				χ2 = 0.89	0.345
No	163 (92.61)	126 (94.03)	37 (88.10)
Yes	13 (7.39)	8 (5.97)	5 (11.90)
Tumor location				χ2 = 4.24	0.236
Intestine	86 (48.86)	71 (52.99)	15 (35.71)
Stomach	34 (19.32)	25 (18.66)	9 (21.43)
Liver and gallbladder	30 (17.05)	20 (14.93)	10 (23.81)
Pancreas	26 (14.77)	18 (13.43)	8 (19.05)
TNM staging				χ2 = 5.58	0.018
I/II	99 (56.25)	82 (61.19)	17 (40.48)
III/IV	77 (43.75)	52 (38.81)	25 (59.52)
Preoperative pulmonary infection				χ2 = 5.16	0.023
No	125 (71.02)	101 (75.37)	24 (57.14)
Yes	51 (28.98)	33 (24.63)	18 (42.86)
Surgical method				χ2 = 1.70	0.192
Laparoscopic surgery	127 (72.16)	100 (74.63)	27 (64.29)
Open surgery	49 (27.84)	34 (25.37)	15 (35.71)
Intraoperative fluid replacement				χ2 = 0.33	0.566
< 2000 mL	78 (44.32)	61 (45.52)	17 (40.48)
≥ 2000 mL	98 (55.68)	73 (54.48)	25 (59.52)
Postoperative infection				χ2 = 0.69	0.406
No	138 (78.41)	107 (79.85)	31 (73.81)
Yes	38 (21.59)	27 (20.15)	11 (26.19)
Postoperative fever				χ2 = 1.43	0.233
No	122 (69.32)	96 (71.64)	26 (61.90)
Yes	54 (30.68)	38 (28.36)	16 (38.10)
Anastomotic fistula				χ2 = 9.71	0.002
No	161 (91.48)	128 (95.52)	33 (78.57)
Yes	15 (8.52)	6 (4.48)	9 (21.43)

ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; BMI: Body mass index; RBC: Red blood cell; WBC: White blood cell; ALB: Albumin; Hb: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelets; FEV1%: Preoperative percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC%: Preoperative percentage of forced vital capacity; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.