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Meta-Analysis
©The Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jan 27, 2026; 18(1): 112017
Published online Jan 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i1.112017
Table 5 Risk of bias assessment of the included studies according to the Cochrane risk of bias of randomized controlled trials
Ref.
Selection bias1
Selection bias2
Performance bias
Attrition bias
Detection bias
Reporting bias
Overall bias
Roushdy et al[37], 2020LowSome concernsSome concernsSome concernsSome concernsLowSome concerns
Seetharamaiah et al[46], 2017LowSome concernsSome concernsSome concernsSome concernsLowSome concerns
Shivakumar et al[47], 2018LowLowSome concernsSome concerns LowLowLow
Jain et al[48], 2021LowLowHighLowSome concernSome concernSome concerns
Vitiello et al[50], 2023LowLowHighHighLowLowlow


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