Septic shock reduces intestinal microcirculation and anastomotic perfusion: A porcine laser speckle contrast imaging study

Figure 3 Hemodynamic changes and sepsis variables in the porcine model. A: Shows the hemodynamic parameters measured throughout the experiment: Systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and pulse from start (right after anesthesia induction prior to surgery) to T₁₅₀. Following the initiation of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) infusion (at T0), hemodynamic parameters were recorded every 10 minutes. The Y-axis represents values in mmHg (for blood pressure and mean arterial pressure), beats per minute (for pulse). Whiskers represent SD; B: Illustrates the progression of pH and lactate levels throughout the duration of the experiment. The graph shows the mean value ± SD (whiskers). X-axis represents time points: Start = After induced anesthesia and prior to surgery; T_B = Baseline measurements; T_A = Immediately after anastomosis formation; T₃₀, T₆₀, T₉₀, T₁₂₀, T₁₅₀ = Measurements taken during E. coli infusion/sepsis, number indicates minutes from start of E. coli infusion. The Y-axis represents lactate levels in mmol/L, or pH values. SysBP: Systolic blood pressure; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; E. coli: Escherichia coli.