Remimazolam reduces State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Scale scores in hemorrhoid surgery with spinal-epidural anesthesia: A randomized trial

Table 2 Comprehensive mixed-effects model results for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory- State scale scores and hemodynamic variables

Variable	Effect	Fdf1, df2 value	P value	Geisser-Greenhouse's epsilon
STAI-S	Time	F1.71, 98.99 = 83.56	< 0.001a	0.8534
	Group	F1, 58 = 201.4	< 0.001a
	Time × group	F2, 116 = 110.0	< 0.001a
SBP	Time	F3.28, 190.5 = 10.04	< 0.001a	0.8210
	Group	F1, 58 = 4.34	0.042a
	Time × group	F4, 232 = 2.44	0.048a
DBP	Time	F2.87, 166.5 = 3.96	0.010a	0.7176
	Group	F1, 58 = 0.75	0.391
	Time × group	F4, 232 = 0.26	0.901
HR	Time	F2.72, 157.7 = 0.85	0.462	0.6796
	Group	F1, 58 = 0.07	0.796
	Time × group	F4, 232 = 1.06	0.380

^aP < 0.05.

P values were calculated using a two-way mixed-effects ANOVA. F_{df1, df2}: F statistics with df1 (degrees of freedom for the effect) and df2 (degrees of freedom for error), sphericity was assessed using Mauchly’s test, and the Greenhouse - Geisser correction was applied where sphericity was violated. Time: Main effect of time points. Group: Main effect of experimental groups. Time × Group: Interaction effect between time points and experimental groups. STAI-S: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State scale scores; SBP: Systolic blood pressure (mmHg); DBP: Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg); HR: Heart rate (beats/minute).