Risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation before colonoscopy: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Univariate analysis of patients’ basic data (n = 484), mean ± SD/n (%)

	Successful bowel preparation (n = 359)	Poor bowel preparation (n = 125)	t/χ2 value	P value
Age	50.23 ± 1.27	53.77 ± 1.19	-1.558	0.120
BMI (kg/m2)	24.53 ± 0.23	24.85 ± 0.28	-0.744	0.458
Gender			7.767	0.005a
Male	175 (48.7)	79 (63.2)
Female	184 (51.3)	46 (36.8)
Educational level			5.174	0.395
Primary school or below	9 (2.5)	2 (1.6)
Middle school	55 (15.3)	21 (16.8)
High school/vocational school	59 (16.4)	31 (24.8)
Associate degree	51 (14.2)	16 (12.8)
Bachelor’s degree	140 (39.0)	41 (32.8)
Graduate degree or above	45 (12.5)	14 (11.2)
Constipation	81 (22.6)	28 (22.4)	0.001	0.970
Hypertension	84 (23.4)	41 (32.8)	4.278	0.039a
Diabetes mellitus	39 (10.9)	29 (23.2)	11.685	< 0.001a
Coronary artery disease	29 (8.1)	25 (20.0)	13.295	< 0.001a
Hyperlipidemia	70 (19.5)	44 (35.2)	12.695	< 0.001a
Cerebrovascular disease	10 (2.8)	7 (5.6)	2.167	0.141
Hypothyroidism	6 (1.7)	6 (4.8)	3.754	0.053
History of psychiatric medication use	5 (1.4)	3 (2.4)	0.579	0.431
Liver cirrhosis	0 (0)	3 (2.4)	8.670	0.017a
History of colorectal surgery	10 (2.8)	16 (12.8)	18.292	< 0.001a
History of abdominopelvic surgery (excluding colorectal surgery)	76 (21.2)	22 (17.6)	0.732	0.392
Difficulty walking	7 (1.9)	5 (4.0)	1.612	0.204

^aP < 0.05.

BMI: Body mass index.