Effects of preoperative immunonutrition vs standard oral nutrition in patients undergoing colorectal surgery: A randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Intra operative information, n (%)

Variable	Oral Impact (n = 28)	Nutren Optimum (n = 30)	P value
Nature of disease			> 0.999
Benign	3 (10.7)	4 (13.3)
Malignant	25 (89.3)	26 (86.7)
Mode of surgery			0.396
Laparoscopic	14 (50.0)	13 (43.3)
Laparoscopic assisted	4 (14.3)	6 (20.0)
Laparoscopic convert open	6 (21.4)	10 (33.3)
Open surgery	4 (14.3)	1 (3.3)
Surgery performed			0.794
Abdominoperineal resection	1 (3.6)	2 (6.7)
Anterior resection with stoma	2 (7.1)	5 (16.7)
Anterior resection without stoma	9 (32.1)	13 (43.3)
Closure of stoma	3 (10.7)	1 (3.3)
Extended right hemicolectomy	1 (3.6)	1 (3.3)
Hartmann’s procedure	1 (3.6)	1 (3.3)
Left hemicolectomy	3 (10.7)	1 (3.3)
Reversal of Hartmann’s procedure	3 (10.7)	3 (10.0)
Right hemicolectomy	4 (14.3)	2 (6.7)
Sigmoid colectomy	0 (0.0)	1 (3.3)
Subtotal colectomy	1 (3.6)	0 (0.0)
Operating surgeon			0.973
Colorectal surgeon	1 (3.6)	1 (3.3)
Colorectal surgeon, colorectal trainee	13 (46.4)	16 (53.3)
Colorectal surgeon, colorectal trainee, general surgeon	2 (7.1)	1 (3.3)
Colorectal surgeon, general surgeon	0 (0.0)	1 (3.3)
Colorectal trainee	6 (21.4)	6 (20.0)
Colorectal trainee, general surgeon	6 (21.4)	5 (16.7)
Duration of surgery, mean ± SD	4.9 ± 1.8	4.8 ± 1.9	0.895
Total blood loss			0.380
< 500 mL	24 (85.7)	23 (76.7)
> 500 mL	4 (14.3)	7 (23.3)
Blood transfusion	4 (14.3)	7 (23.3)	0.380