Effects of preoperative immunonutrition vs standard oral nutrition in patients undergoing colorectal surgery: A randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Socio-demographic and pre-operative information, mean ± SD/n (%)

Variable	Oral Impact (n = 28)	Nutren Optimum (n = 30)	P value
Age (years)	59.6 ± 13.5	60.6 ± 13.4	0.787
Sex			0.455
Female	12 (42.9)	10 (33.3)
Male	16 (57.1)	20 (66.7)
Body mass index (kg/m2)			0.767
< 18.5	0 (0.0)	1 (3.3)
> 30	1 (3.6)	1 (3.3)
18.5-24.9	19 (67.9)	22 (73.3)
25-29.9	8 (28.6)	6 (20.0)
NRS score			0.584
0-3	23 (85.2)	24 (80.0)
4	3 (11.1)	2 (6.7)
5-7	1 (3.7)	4 (13.3)
Unknown	1	0
ASA class			0.050
1	13 (46.4)	15 (50.0)
2	15 (53.6)	10 (33.3)
3	0 (0.0)	5 (16.7)
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.3 ± 1.4	11.8 ± 1.6	0.266
Total white cell count	8.4 ± 2.2	8.7 ± 2.8	0.657
Serum albumin (g/dL)	37.3 ± 5.0	37.5 ± 5.9	0.882
Urea (mmol/L)	4.9 ± 2.0	4.8 ± 1.8	0.772
Creatinine (mmol/L)	75.9 ± 25.1	81.6 ± 20.9	0.359
Unknown	0	1
Diabetes mellitus	15 (53.6)	9 (30.0)	0.069
Hypertension	14 (50.0)	21 (70.0)	0.120
Chronic kidney disease	2 (7.1)	1 (3.3)	0.605
Ischemic heart disease	5 (17.9)	4 (13.3)	0.726
Previous abdominal surgery	9 (32.1)	10 (33.3)	0.923

NRS: Nutrition risk screening; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiology.