Effects of stellate ganglion block anesthesia on cognition and biomarkers in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

Table 2 Oxidative stress indicators before and 24 hours after surgery (mean ± SD)

Group	Case	MDA (nmol/L)		NO (nmol/mL)		SOD (U/mL)
		Before induction of anesthesia	24 hours after surgery	Before induction of anesthesia	24 hours after surgery	Before induction of anesthesia	24 hours after surgery
Control	40	4.72 ± 0.42	5.78 ± 0.36a	35.56 ± 5.21	55.60 ± 7.72a	30.16 ± 4.32	23.27 ± 3.68a
Observation	40	4.78 ± 0.45	5.21 ± 0.48a	35.78 ± 5.32	43.21 ± 6.54a	30.24 ± 4.35	27.12 ± 4.21a
t value		0.616	6.008	0.187	7.745	0.083	4.355
P value		0.539	0.008	0.852	< 0.001	0.934	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 compared with that before anesthesia induction in the same group.

MDA: Malondialdehyde; NO: Nitric oxide; SOD: Superoxide dismutase.