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Retrospective Study
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Sep 27, 2025; 17(9): 106913
Published online Sep 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i9.106913
Table 1 Hemodynamic parameters before and after anesthesia induction (mean ± SD)
GroupCaseMABP (mmHg)
Heart rate (beats/minute)
Time 1
Time 2
Time 3
Time 4
Time 1
Time 2
Time 3
Time 4
Control4089.21 ± 9.12100.56 ± 8.72a102.18 ± 9.24a97.60 ± 8.78a86.27 ± 8.5691.12 ± 9.32a96.78 ± 8.96a91.62 ± 9.18a
Observation4089.32 ± 9.1690.18 ± 10.4491.27 ± 8.5290.84 ± 9.1886.12 ± 8.7886.72 ± 9.2787.16 ± 9.1886.54 ± 9.72
t value0.0544.8265.4903.3660.0772.1174.7432.403
P value0.957< 0.001< 0.0010.0010.9390.037< 0.0010.019


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