Intestinal fibrosis attenuates the prophylactic effect of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy on the postoperative recurrence of Crohn’s disease

Table 3 Hazard ratios for postoperative recurrence (univariate and multivariate)

Variables	Any POR HR (95%CI)	Endoscopic POR HR (95%CI)	Radiographic POR HR (95%CI)	Surgical POR HR (95%CI)
Univariate
Intestinal fibrosis	1.275 (0.71-2.292)	1.19 (0.592-2.391)	2.164 (1.096-5.223)	4.465 (0.571-34.912)
Multivariate
Age at surgery	0.989 (0.947-1.034)	1.013 (0.959-1.07)	0.986 (0.925-1.05)	0.957 (0.856-1.071)
Intestinal perforation	1.225 (0.499-3.003)	0.839 (0.274-2.564)	1.891 (0.454-7.879)	1.231 (0.135-11.194)
Corticosteroid use prior to surgery	1.325 (0.594-2.956)	1.737 (0.617-4.892)	1.601 (0.51-5.032)	1.965 (0.172-22.438)
Prior CD-related surgery
n = 1	1.177 (0.374-3.704)	1.916 (0.368-9.973)	0.948 (0.165-5.452)	9.313 (0.892-97.21)
n ≥ 2	1.643 (0.582-4.637)	1.751 (0.466-6.58)	2.906 (0.682-12.377)	2.669 (0.142-50.241)
Intestinal fibrosis	2.202 (0.813-5.964)	1.653 (0.384-7.112)	4.004 (1.031-15.555)	8.936 (0.425-188.102)
Submucosal plexitis	0.785 (0.247-2.496)	1.346 (0.266-6.821)	0.563 (0.094-3.357)	1.216 (0.045-33.067)
Prophylactic biologic therapy initiated within 6 weeks postoperatively	0.754 (0.319-1.782)	0.491 (0.172-1.401)	0.472 (0.126-1.766)	0.446 (0.034-5.927)
Serum trough level of anti-TNF biologic	0.934 (0.849-1.028)	0.865 (0.755-0.992)	0.913 (0.807-1.032)	0.764 (0.497-1.174)

POR: Postoperative recurrence; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; CD: Crohn’s disease; anti-TNF: Anti-tumor necrosis factor.