Transforming biliary surgery: Innovations in fluorescence-guided imaging and indocyanine green application

Table 2 Advantages, disadvantages, and clinical applications of multicolor fluorescence imaging and single-color fluorescence imaging

Factor	Multicolor fluorescence imaging	Single-color fluorescence imaging
Advantages	Enhanced anatomical differentiation; reduced visual fatigue for surgeons; improved visualization in complex cases	Simple and effective for routine case; more accessible and lower cost; established in current surgical practice
Disadvantages	Higher cost and limited availability; requires additional training for surgeons; need for standardization in protocols	Increased visual fatigue; poor performance in complex cases (e.g., severe inflammation, fatty liver); higher risk of liver fluorescence contamination
Clinical applications	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, especially in complex biliary anatomy; potential applications in oncologic and colorectal surgeries; could be integrated into robotic-assisted procedures	Routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy; may be sufficient for standard biliary imaging; already widely used in clinical practice