Preoperative computed tomography-based risk stratification model validation for postoperative pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma recurrence

Table 1 Clinical and imaging characteristics of the study sample, n (%)

Variables	Total, n = 283	Recurrence, n = 216
Age, mean ± SD	63.52 ± 8.71	63.75 ± 8.43
Sex
Female	113 (39.9)	85 (39.3)
Male	170 (60.1)	131 (60.7)
Dominant location
Head and neck	164 (57.9)	126 (58.3)
Body and tail	119 (42.1)	90 (41.7)
Type of pancreatic surgery
Standard	183 (64.7)	132 (61.1)
Extended	100 (35.3)	84 (38.9)
Primary tumor (T) stage
T1	53 (18.7)	26 (12.0)
T2	190 (67.1)	155 (71.8)
T3	26 (9.2)	23 (10.6)
T4	14 (5.0)	12 (5.6)
Regional lymph node (N) stage
N0	164 (58.0)	118 (54.6)
N1	100 (35.3)	82 (38.0)
N2	19 (6.7)	16 (7.4)
Tumor size in cm
≤ 2	66 (23.3)	33 (15.3)
2-4	193 (68.2)	161 (74.5)
≥ 4	24 (8.5)	22 (10.2)
Tumor density in portal venous phase
Isodense or hyperdense	29 (10.2)	20 (9.3)
Hypodense	254 (89.8)	196 (90.7)
Tumor necrosis	248 (87.6)	188 (87.0)
Peripancreatic tumor infiltration	140 (49.5)	114 (52.8)
Suspicious metastatic lymph nodes	89 (31.5)	81 (37.5)

Extended: Extended pancreaticoduodenectomy, extended distal pancreatectomy; Standard: Standard pancreaticoduodenectomy, standard distal pancreatectomy, standard total pancreatectomy.