Bile spillage in incidental gallbladder cancer is not an independent predictor for survival: A multi-institute retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Treatment trajectory and recurrence of disease in patients with incidental gallbladder carcinoma with or without bile spillage during primary surgery

Characteristic	Bile spillage (n = 138)	No bile spillage (n = 208)	P value
Additional imaging performed (n = 324)	77 (60.6)	137 (69.5)	0.098
Patient referred to hepatopancreatobiliary center			0.001
Yes	46 (33.3)	103 (49.5)
No	75 (54.3)	78 (37.5)
Primary center was hepatopancreatobiliary center	15 (10.9)	25 (12.0)
Unknown	2 (1.45)	2 (1.0)
Additional surgery with curative intent (n = 327)	34 (26.2)	76 (38.6)	0.020
Staging laparoscopy performed before additional surgery (n = 110)	6 (17.6)	5 (6.6)	0.042
Irresectable during staging laparoscopy or re-resection (n = 110)	14 (41.2)	17 (22.4)	0.043
R1 margin at re-resection (n = 65)	4 (25.0)	2 (4.1)	0.012
Lymph node involvement at re-resection (n = 77)	8 (38.1)	19 (33.9)	0.733
(Neo) adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 317)	9 (7.0)	15 (7.9)	0.765
(Neo) adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 315)	5 (4.0)	3 (1.6)	0.188
Recurrence
In any organ (n = 218)	55 (65.5)	57 (42.5)	< 0.001
Local/Liver	40 (47.6)	40 (29.9)	0.008
Peritoneal	16 (19.0)	16 (11.9)	0.149
Lymph nodes	9 (10.7)	11 (8.2)	0.533
Port site	5 (6.0)	0 (0.0)	0.004
Other	16 (19.0)	17 (12.7)	0.202
Not otherwise specified	4 (4.8)	7 (5.2)	0.879
Unknown	21 (20.0)	33 (19.8)	0.962
Time to recurrence (months)1	9.9 (6.9–12.8)	14.7 (11.3–18.0)	0.004

¹Median months to recurrence after log rank resting with 95% confidence interval in brackets.

Data are presented as n (%).