Bile spillage in incidental gallbladder cancer is not an independent predictor for survival: A multi-institute retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Characteristics of patients with incidental gallbladder carcinoma with or without bile spillage during primary surgery

Characteristic	Bile spillage (n = 138)	No bile spillage (n = 208)	P value
Age at diagnosis > 65 years	104 (75.4)	115 (55.3)	< 0.001
Sex (female)	86 (62.3)	132 (63.5)	0.829
ASA class			0.020
I/II	87 (63.0)	156 (75.5)
III/IV	44 (31.9)	44 (21.2)
Unknown	7 (5.1)	8 (3.8)
Primary surgery
Indication primary surgery
Cholecystolithiasis	66 (47.8)	115 (55.3)	0.174
Cholecystitis	58 (42.0)	51 (24.5)	< 0.001
Gallbladder wall abnormality1	12 (8.7)	31 (14.9)	0.087
Other	2 (1.4)	11 (5.3)	0.066
Primary surgery type
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy	70 (50.7)	139 (66.8)	0.003
Open cholecystectomy	15 (10.9)	21 (10.1)	0.818
Converted cholecystectomy	39 (28.3)	35 (16.8)	0.011
Other	14 (10.1)	13 (6.3)	0.186
Perioperative suspicion of GBC			0.757
Reported	17 (12.3)	28 (13.5)
Unreported	121 (87.7)	180 (86.5)
Pathology
T stage			0.005
Is/1a	9 (6.5)	31 (14.9)
1b	17 (12.3)	12 (5.8)
2	49 (35.5)	97 (46.6)
3/4	34 (24.6)	39 (18.8)
x	29 (21.0)	29 (13.9)
Morphology
Adenocarcinoma	115 (83.3)	177 (85.1)	0.658
Other	8 (5.8)	19 (9.1)	0.257
Unknown	15 (10.9)	11 (5.3)	0.054
Resection margin			< 0.001
R0	51 (37.0)	117 (56.3)
R1	52 (37.7)	51 (24.5)
R2	14 (10.1)	12 (5.8)
Unknown	21 (15.2)	28 (13.5)
Regional lymph node metastasis			0.027
N0	5 (3.6)	26 (12.5)
N1	14 (10.1)	20 (9.6)
Nx	119 (86.2)	162 (77.9)

¹Gallbladder wall lesions described as gallbladder polyp, adenomyomatosis, or unspecified wall abnormality.

Data are presented as n (%). GBC: Gallbladder cancer; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification.