Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jul 27, 2025; 17(7): 104226
Published online Jul 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i7.104226
Table 3 Psychological stress, mean ± SD
GroupCaseAvoid
Crash into
High wake up
Total point
Before
After
Before
After
Before
After
Before
After
Control4220.16 ± 2.4424.18 ± 1.96a19.78 ± 2.1223.80 ± 2.08a15.12 ± 1.5618.21 ± 2.24a55.06 ± 6.1266.19 ± 6.28a
Observation4220.21 ± 2.4827.72 ± 1.78a19.92 ± 2.1827.16 ± 1.84a15.18 ± 1.5221.12 ± 1.28a55.31 ± 4.8076.00 ± 4.90a
t-0.0938.6650.2987.8410.1797.3100.2087.981
P value-0.926< 0.0010.766< 0.0010.859< 0.0010.836< 0.001