Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jul 27, 2025; 17(7): 104226
Published online Jul 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i7.104226
Table 1 Psychological adjustment ability, mean ± SD
GroupCaseEmotional / self-esteem
Subjective sensation
Interpersonal relationships
Daily life; everyday life
Before
After
Before
After
Before
After
Before
After
Control4222.16 ± 3.5432.21 ± 2.96a17.78 ± 2.5623.96 ± 3.12a14.16 ± 2.4219.18 ± 1.80a12.16 ± 1.7816.18 ± 1.44a
Observation4222.12 ± 3.5238.72 ± 3.28a17.92 ± 2.4430.18 ± 2.24a14.21 ± 2.6823.16 ± 1.64a12.24 ± 1.7219.27 ± 1.86a
t-0.0529.5490.25710.4950.09010.5920.2098.513
P value-0.959< 0.0010.798< 0.0010.929< 0.0010.835< 0.001