Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative care of infants and children with Hirschsprung disease

Table 3 Compliance with treatment protocols in the enhanced recovery after surgery and control groups, n (%)

Protocol elements	Key, control group	Control group (n = 18)	Key, ERAS group	ERAS group (n = 20)
Preoperative education	Routine	18 (100.0)	20 (100.0)
Preoperative backflow bowel cleansing	10-14 days	17 (94.4)	7-10 days	19 (95.0)
Preoperative fasting	24 hours	18 (100.0)	8 hours	20 (100.0)
Preoperative fasting time for drinking	6 hours	16 (88.9)	2 hours	18 (90.0)
Colonic catheter after the last bowel cleansing	Pulled-up	17 (94.4)	Indwelled	17 (85.0)
Anesthesia	General anesthesia	16 (88.9)	Combined with sacral block anesthesia	20 (100.0)
Perioperative warming	Room temperature	15 (83.3)	Approximately 32 °C	19 (95.0)
Urethral, orogastric and anal canal drainage catheters	Routinely placed	18 (100.0)	Only anal canal drainage catheters to be placed	18 (90.0)
Infusion replenishment strategy	Empirical infusion replenishment strategy in accordance with requirements	16 (88.9)	Target-oriented volume-limiting replenishment strategy	20 (100.0)
Postoperative analgesia	Pumped opiate analgesics	14 (77.8)	Oral nonsteroidal analgesics	18 (90.0)
Postoperative nutrition	Fasting and intravenous infusion for 5-7 days followed by regular diet until intestinal function recovery	16 (88.9)	Intravenous infusion for 3 days with appropriate diet transition	20 (100.0)
Early activity management	Bedrest for at least 1 day	16 (88.9)	Suitable exercise on day 1	20 (100.0)

Count data in the enhanced recovery after surgery and control groups are expressed as number (percentage) of infants who complied with the respective treatment protocols. ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery.