Simultaneous combined surgery for hepatic-renal double organ alveolar or cystic echinococcosis: A retrospective study

Figure 4 Surgical observations. A-E: En bloc resection of the right hemiliver and right kidney (arrow) (A and B), extended prosthetic replacement of the diseased inferior vena cava, sutured and repaired blood vessels (arrow) and artificial blood vessels (triangle) (C) or repair via sutures (D), and (E) near-complete occupation of renal tissue were observed in alveolar echinococcosis cases; F and G: Total cystectomy (F) and open cystectomy (G) were predominantly employed in cystic echinococcosis (CE) subjects; H and I: Additionally, procedures such as inferior vena cava (arrow) repair with sutures (H) and partial nephrectomy (I) were required in select CE cases.