Comparison of three reconstruction techniques performed after pancreaticoduodenectomy: Using external, internal, or no stent

Table 3 Postoperative morbimortality among the three groups, n (%)

	EDS group (n = 129)	IDS group (n = 71)	NDS group (n = 44)	P value
C-reactive protein, mg/dL, 3rd day	14.6 (0.1-39)	20.4 (2-57)	10.3 (0.6-33.6)	0.054
Medical complications	39 (30.3)	24 (33.8)	17 (38.6)	0.307
Surgical complications
Wound infection	20 (15.5)	12 (16.9)	4 (9.3)	0.515
Postoperative pancreatic fistula				0.009
Grade A/non-POPF	108 (83.7)	50 (70.5)	36 (81.8)
Grade B	19 (14.7)	11 (15.5)	4 (9.1)
Grade C	2 (1.6)	10 (14.1)	4 (9.1)
Delayed gastric emptying				0.195
Grade A	20 (15.5)	12 (16.9)	10 (22.7)
Grade B	20 (15.5)	19 (26.8)	6 (13.6)
Grade C	7 (5.4)	4 (5.6)	0 (0)
No delayed gastric emptying	82 (63.6)	36 (50.7)	28 (63.6)
Postoperative hemorrhage				0.460
Grade A	6 (4.7)	4 (5.6)	2 (4.5)
Grade B	7 (5.4)	3 (4.2)	4 (9.1)
Grade C	3 (2.3)	5 (7)	4 (9.1)
No postoperative hemorrhage	113 (87.6)	59 (83.1)	34 (77.3)
Reoperations	16 (12.4)	14 (19.7)	9 (20.5)	0.063
Hemoperitoneum	3 (2.3)	4 (5.6)	4 (9.1)
Pancreatic fistula	2 (1.6)	10 (14.1)	4 (9.1)
Jejunostomy	3 (2.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Other	8 (6.2)	0 (0)	1 (2.3)
Complications, Clavien-Dindo classification
Grade I-II	74 (57.3)	18 (40.9)	25 (35.2)	0.007
Grade III-IV	26 (20.1)	13 (29.5)	23 (32.5)	0.149
Intensive care unit stay, days	2 (1-15)	2 (1-30)	2 (1-30)	0.157
Hospital stay, days	17 (5-78)	20 (7-97)	18 (5-59)	0.089
Follow-up
Mortality, 90 days	2 (1.6)	4 (5.6)	2 (4.5)	0.046
Morbidity, 90 days	90 (70.3)	42 (59.1)	30 (73.2)	0.436
De novo endocrine insufficiency	16 (12.4)	15 (21.1)	6 (13.6)	0.293
De novo exocrine insufficiency	53 (41.1)	30 (42.3)	19 (43.2)	0.217
Venous thrombosis	4 (3.1)	5 (7)	3 (6.8)	0.142
Pulmonary embolism	4 (3.1)	2 (2.8)	0 (0)	0.204
Adjuvant chemotherapy	62 (48)	34 (47.9)	22 (50)	0.975

EDS: External duct stent; IDS: Internal duct stent; NDS: Non-ductal stent; POPF: Postoperative pancreatic fistula.