Predictive model and prognostic insights into duodenal stump fistula following radical gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction for gastric cancer

Table 2 Perioperative outcomes, mean ± SD/n (%)

Variables	Categories	nDSF group (n = 318)	DSF group (n = 7)	P value
Surgical approach	Laparotomy	129 (40.6)	1 (14.3)	0.210
	Laparoscopy	146 (45.9)	6 (85.7)
	Robot-assisted	43 (13.5)	0 (0.0)
Conversion to open surgery		11 (3.5)	0 (0.0)	1.000
Gastrectomy	DG	129 (40.6)	4 (57.1)	0.621
	TG	189 (59.4)	3 (42.9)
Lymphadenectomy extent	D1, D1 +	146 (45.9)	3 (42.9)	0.800
	D2, D2 +	170 (54.0)	4 (57.1)
Combined resection		48 (15.1)	1 (14.3)	1.000
Surgical time (minute)		324.8 ± 100.6	348.3 ± 62.8	0.369
Blood loss (mL)		72.7 ± 102.9	77.1 ± 90.5	0.659
Retrieved lymph nodes		39.1 ± 17.6	44.9 ± 17.6	0.288
Postoperative hospitalization (days)		17.5 ± 20.2	38.7 ± 11.7	< 0.001b
Reinforcement of duodenal stump		291 (91.5)	7 (100.0)	0.910
Embedding degree (%)		94.2 ± 13.9	90.7 ± 8.3	0.820
Muscularis and serosa injury		36 (11.32)	2 (28.6)	0.418
Bleeding in reinforcement (mL)		1.5 ± 3.5	1.7 ± 1.9	0.259
Reinforcement duration (minute)		9.1 ± 5.2	9.3 ± 3.2	0.659
Stump suture fixed to the intestinal wall1		110 (34.6)	0 (0.0)	0.131

^bP < 0.001.

¹In select cases (n = 110), the stump was fully mobilized after embedding and then sutured to the jejunal side wall.

DG: Distal gastrectomy; TG: Total gastrectomy; DSF: Duodenal stump fistula; nDSF: Non-duodenal stump fistula.