Predictive model and prognostic insights into duodenal stump fistula following radical gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction for gastric cancer

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics, mean ± SD/n (%)

Variables	Categories	nDSF group (n = 318)	DSF group (n = 7)	P value
Age		72.0 (63.2, 78.0)	82.0 (79.5, 85.0)	0.001a
Gender	Female	102 (32.1)	2 (28.6)	1
	Male	216 (67.9)	5 (71.4)
BMI		22.3 ± 3.7	22.3 ± 3.7	0.620
ASA score	1	71 (22.3)	1 (14.3)	0.757
	2	222 (69.8)	5 (71.4)
	3	25 (7.9)	1 (14.3)
Comorbidity	OVF	18 (5.7)	4 (57.1)	< 0.001b
	Heart failure or angina	7 (2.2)	0 (0.0)	1
	Bowel obstruction	3 (0.9)	0 (0.0)	1
	Digestive ulcer history	5 (1.6)	0 (0.0)	1
	Abdominal surgery history	44 (13.8)	0 (0.0)	0.617
Tumor marker	CEA	5.7 ± 21.2	5.3 ± 20.1	0.170
	CA-199	44.5 ± 228.9	31.0 ± 85.0	0.737
	AFP	15.4 ± 102.3	9.8 ± 77.3	0.758
Tumor location	Upper stomach	97 (30.5)	1 (14.3)	0.839
	Lower stomach	71 (22.3)	2 (28.6)
	Middle stomach	134 (42.1)	4 (57.1)
	Gastroesophageal junction	13 (4.1)	0 (0.0)
	All or multiple	3 (0.9)	0 (0.0)
Tumor diameter (mm)		63.6 ± 43.0	60.8 ± 41.6	0.291
Pathological type	Adenocarcinoma	197 (61.3)	5 (71.4)	0.993
	Undifferentiated carcinoma	114 (35.8)	2 (28.6)
	Neuroendocrine tumor	4 (1.3)	0 (0.0)
	Lymphoma and others	4 (1.3)	0 (0.0)
	Special types	1 (0.3)	0 (0.0)
pT	pT1-2	134 (42.1)	3 (42.9)	0.602
	pT3-4	184 (57.8)	4 (57.1)
pN	pN0-1	278 (87.4)	5 (71.4)	0.022a
	pN2-3	40 (12.6)	2 (28.6)
Distant metastasis		43 (13.5)	1 (14.3)	1
pStage	I-II	188 (59.1)	3 (42.9)	0.612
	III-IV	130 (40.9)	4 (47.2)
Non-anastomotic complication (≥ Grade 3a)		52 (16.4)	5 (71.4)	< 0.001b
Anastomotic complications except DSF (≥ Grade 3a)		11 (3.5)	0 (0.0)	0.993

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.001.

AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; CA-199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; OVF: Obstructive ventilatory failure; pN: Pathological nodal stage; pT: Pathological tumor stage; DSF: Duodenal stump fistula; nDSF: Non-duodenal stump fistula.